Gestalt: Law of Common Fate

The law of common fate is one of four visual perception laws as theorized by gestalt psychologists. Paul Martin Lester, the author of Visual Communication, an expert in the field wrote: "The fourth law of Gestalt psychology is the law of common fate. A viewer mentally groups five arrows or five raised hands pointing to the sky because they all point in the same direction. An arrow or a hand pointed in opposite direction will create tension, because the viewer will not see it as part of the upwardly directed whole."

Gestalt's law of common fate is a pretty simple concept. It is basically referring to visual directional lines within a design or layout. In a photograph, if two or more people are moving in the same direction, they have created a directional line known as the law of common fate. Together, they have a common fate or destiny. Another example of the law of common fate could include similar shapes aimed in the same direction. You might wonder why the law of common fate is of importance to artists. First of all, when two objects (whether it be shapes or organic forms) are pointed in the same direction in a layout, the directional lines become dominant in a design. So, if two or more powerful shapes are aimed at or moving in a certain direction, an artist knows to put the message at the point of destination.

Directional lines push our eyes around a page. This can be a problem every bit as much as bonus. For instance, visual collisions frustrate the viewing audience. It can cause too much tension and cause anxiety for the reader which in turn, makes the layout uninviting and too intense.

Gestalt: Law of Common Fate

If a candid photograph of a moving car is heading to the right, the law of common fate dictates that the directional line is pointing to the right. Then again, if a candid photograph of a car is aimed towards the left and the image is part of a design, the directional line is now aimed towards the left. Therefore, if a car is headed towards the right (on an image), the image of the car should be placed towards the left-hand side of a layout, because our eyes read from left to right. This is why the law of common fate is so important. The law of common fate should not be ignored in graphic designs and advertisements. Understanding the law of common fate and how directional lines work on layouts can make all the difference in how information is read and understood.

Gestalt: Law of Common Fate
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Debbie Jensen, Graphic Designer and Photographer [http://www.debjensendesigns.com]

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The Best Wildlife Camera To Take On Safari

Good wildlife camera equipment on safari can make the difference between pictures you will be proud to show your friends and family when you get back and ones where it's difficult to figure out exactly what you were photographing because it's only a fuzzy black dot surrounded by green vegetation.

I take wildlife photographs for a living and I have had to quickly figure out what the best cameras and lenses are to get the job done effectively.

Digital or Film - Which is better for a safari?

The Best Wildlife Camera To Take On Safari

Wild animals are very unpredictable. That's one aspect of safari photography that makes it so exciting because you never know what you are going to get but this also means that the number of pictures you need to take to get a keeper increases.

And if you use film that can become very expensive whereas with a digital wildlife camera you can take as many as you want and then just delete the ones where the lion has ducked behind a bush, the cheetah has blurred because the autofocus locked onto a twig in front of it and the exposure of the hippo was way off because of the reflected sunlight in the water.

You can also make consistent use of bracketing to get the perfect exposures without worrying about cost or running out of film which can be a problem in certain remote areas of Africa where safaris take place.

So more is better in this case but what about quality? The fact is that digital quality is fast catching up to film unless you fall into the professional category and are going to be selling your safari pictures or entering them into competitions. In that case it might be better to stick to film because the trained eye will be able to spot the difference but in most other cases digital quality is more than adequate.

Digital also gives you valuable feedback while you are still on safari so that you can try and improve on that elephant picture with the ear cut off the next day. You also have a lot more control over the final product because you can use software like Photoshop to enhance and fine tune your pictures.

Digital SLR or Compact Wildlife Camera

A safari is the dream trip of a lifetime and it's a great opportunity to get some fantastic wildlife pictures but it's not necessary to buy the latest and greatest digital SLR and lenses to get them unless you are planning to take nature pictures for a living or are a serious photography enthusiast and are going to make regular use of the camera and lenses after the safari anyway.

The cost of a digital SLR wildlife camera is high compared to a compact but that is only half the story. The lenses that you need to purchase for decent wildlife photography often cost more than the camera itself making it a very expensive business indeed.

And a bulky camera body and multiple interchangeable lenses do add to the weight of your luggage and the inconvenience of carrying everything around with you.

Digital compact cameras on the other hand are not extremely expensive and the results that you can obtain from them are almost on a par with a digital SLR camera and you don't have to worry about any additional lenses if the compact you buy has a decent zoom covering the range from 80mm to about 300mm. There are a few of them on the market that do have lenses like this and the range of the zooms increase every year.

And compact cameras live up to their name by being relatively small and light and one lens means no additional weight or carrying and no time wasted changing to another lens to suit the situation.

The Best SLR Digital Wildlife Camera for Nature Photography

If you have decided to go with a digital SLR then by all accounts the best one to purchase for wildlife photography at the moment is the Canon EOS 20D due to the blinding speed of its shutter release (near instantaneous) and its continuous shooting speed of 5 frames per second to a maximum burst depth of twenty three frames. It also powers up in next to no time at all.

This wildlife camera is as fast as you will ever need to freeze wildlife action and get the picture in the can before the animal moves off into the undergrowth.

There are other SLR cameras that are nearly as good like the Nikon D70 and the Pentax ist D so take a look at them too before making a decision.

The Best Compact Digital Wildlife Camera for Nature Photography

Canon comes up trumps again in the compact camera category with the Canon Powershot S2 IS. The factor that makes this camera ideal for safari wildlife photography is its huge 12X optical zoom lens (36 - 432mm equivalent) with a built in image stabiliser which cuts down on blur when using such a massive zoom lens.

A 5 megapixal sensor is more than enough to produce stunning safari images and as long as you can live with a slight shutter release lag and power up delay this compact wildlife camera is perfect for a safari trip.

The Best Wildlife Camera To Take On Safari
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Five essential wildlife photography tips that will help you improve your animal pictures rapidly and remarkably.

The best wildlife camera to take with you on a photographic safari.

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Nikon Coolpix P500 Review

The Nikon Coolpix P500 provides users with a range of brand new feature, which will inspire and encourage them to try new things. Brand new technology makes a huge difference when it comes to taking the best picture ever. This really dynamic and powerful camera certainly deserves a closer look.

The P500 offers a brand new zoom technology with 36x NIKKOR Wide-Angle Optical Zoom Lens. Its optical zoom (22.5-810mm) allows the photographer to get up close and personal, without having to change lenses. This powerful new zoom lens allows for a wider and more intense picture than ever before. This alters the dynamics of old school photography in a really big way. There is no fiddling around as this function is done automatically.

The Nikon P500 features specialized sensor features, which will produce high quality photos every time. All the images will be clearer and sharper, without having to make constant adjustments, to the camera. This is also ideal for challenging lighting situations. It also takes the guesswork out of any adjusting which needs to be done.

Nikon Coolpix P500 Review

This amazing camera has the ability to capture five shots in one second, and maintain perfect resolution. This is ideal for fast action shots. This means a sequence of shots, each one perfect in their composition and clarity. Bright and clear images are of huge benefit to any photographer, or their client.

The Nikon P500 offers full HD (1080p) facilities for movies. Along with this dynamic feature is full stereo sound and HDMI output. This allows for greater flexibility and diversity of use. Just the pressing of one button will activate the video recording function. Combined with the new lens technology this has proven to be a major benefit to have on a camera.

Another great feature is a brand new stabilizing function. This means clear images along with a significant vibration reduction, no matter the activity. The overall benefit for this is that no matter how fast the photographer or their choice of subject is moving, the image will always be clear. This creates beautiful still shots, which are perfectly focused at all times.

This really remarkable camera, is lightweight, compact and really easy to use. It boasts a highly diverse range of cutting edge technology which will result in the best images and video footage ever. There are so many benefits to this dynamic model, that an opportunity to purchase one should not be missed. Most suppliers offer this dynamic camera and all of its unique features at moderately affordable prices.

Nikon Coolpix P500 Review
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To find more details about this camera, take a look at Nikon P500 review [http://www.nikon-p500.org/nikon-p500-review]. Here you can read on what customers say about this camera and find great deals on Nikon P500 [http://www.nikon-p500.org].

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Nikon D7000 Vs Canon 7D - It's Not a Fair Contest Between Two Very Good Digital SLRs

The contest of Nikon D7000 vs Canon 7D, or Canon EOS 7D to give it its full name, is an almost impossible contest to judge. Although many reviews comparing these two digital SLR cameras have been done there can be no outright clear winner, because they have too many differences to make the comparison a meaningful contest.

Although paired together these digital SLR cameras have what for many people is a significant price difference, maybe a couple of hundred dollars.

The Nikon D7000 specification compares well with the more expensive Canon 7D and in some areas betters it. One such area is the memory cards feature, the Nikon has dual card slots (2x SD/SDHC/SDXC Cards) which almost all pros and semi-pros appreciate, but this feature is absent on this version of the Canon EOS 7D.

Nikon D7000 Vs Canon 7D - It's Not a Fair Contest Between Two Very Good Digital SLRs

Yes one camera has 2 megapixels more than the other, but when we are talking about the difference between 16 and 18 megapixels other factors will have far more effect on image quality.

Another area where the Nikon D7000 scores over the Canon, for those people who like to point and shoot, is regarding taking videos. The Nikon has an AF-F focusing mode, this allows autofocus during movie mode, this is not an option on the Canon 7D. However more serious users will appreciate having the option to shoot more flexibly with the Canon. The Canon has a range of frame rates that serious movie shooters should find suits their needs better.

Another advantage of the Canon EOS 7D is its high continuous burst rate; at 8fps it is the fastest DSLR for its size.

Talking of size, very similar, but on body weight the Canon is about 130g heavier. Although not obvious when looking at these two digital SLR cameras both have a useful built-in flash.

As you can already see it is very difficult to say that one of these cameras can be declared an outright winner, although you will probably find the Canon D7 will appeal to the professional photographer simply because of greater control over settings and probably overall is slightly more advanced.The Nikon likewise probably appeals more to the serious amateur or semi-professional photographer. But don't be unduly influenced by these previous two statements, its what meets your requirements and ability is most important.

Both of the above cameras are able to take great photos. So how you go about getting them is main difference.

Nikon D7000 Vs Canon 7D - It's Not a Fair Contest Between Two Very Good Digital SLRs
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Now, if you really want or need the greater control in the process of taking a photo what you really need is the Canon 7D. If are you happy to let the camera do most of the work, still get great photos and save a couple of hundred dollars the Nikon D7000 is a very good camera.

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The Best SLR Cameras Under $1000

You have probably been thinking about buying a digital SLR for a long time. The many choices and price ranges can make your head spin. I am going to help you pick out the best SLR cameras for under 00.

There are really 3 major players in the digital SLR game for under 00. Canon, Nikon, and Pentax. Some players are seasoned veterans, others are relative newcomers (but shouldn't be discounted)

Canon SLR Camera

The Best SLR Cameras Under 00

Canon has contenders... the EOS Rebel T1i, the EOS Rebel XS and the EOS Rebel XSi. We are going to focus on the T1i as I think it is the best under 00. The other 2 are certainly great for the budget conscious, but offer less features.

Canon EOS Rebel T1i offers 15.1 mega-pixels (highest in the under 00 crowd) and a great Creative Auto mode which teaches you how to take more manual control of your camera. There are also 60 lenses available that work with this camera and it shoots 1080p HD video.

Nikon SLR Camera

Nikon also has 3 contenders... the D5000, the D90 and the D3000. I like the D90, although the D5000 has a tilt and swivel LCD monitor which is a great feature if you've ever used one.

Nikon D90 offers 12.3 mega-pixels and 720p HD video. Nikons perform great in low light and indoor scenes. The best part is the integrated auto-focus motor... meaning you can use more Nikkor lenses and still have auto-focus.

Pentax SLR Camera

Pentax is a relative newcomer to the SLR scene, but user reviews are pushing its cameras to the top. Its top contenders are the K20D, the K200d and the K2000. Pentax is definitely a price conscious brand with tons of features. I like the D20D (cheaper than both the Canon and the Nikon fave).

Pentax K20D has 14.6 mega-pixels and is noted for its dust and weather resistant body. A rugged camera that is backward compatible with all Pentax lenses (some require adapters). But best performance comes their lenses designed for digital cameras. Lenses marked "WR" have additional protection against the weather as well.

So now you've got a good handle on the which digital camera to buy. Check out this article on SLR Camera Buying Tips. The only thing you have to decide is whether you want to bump up your price range to see what's available in the 00 to 00 range. Happy shopping!

The Best SLR Cameras Under 00
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Debbie Lattuga is a photography enthusiast encouraging people to express themselves through photography. To find out more about the cameras mentioned, check out her blog at Best SLR Camera. She helps people find the perfect SLR camera for them, without all the hassle.

If you're in the market for some SLR camera lenses, check out Lenses: 5 Crucial Buying Decisions.

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